std::unique

 

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Algorithm library

Functions
Non-modifying sequence operations
all_ofany_ofnone_of (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) for_each countcount_if mismatch equal	findfind_iffind_if_not (C++11) find_end find_first_of adjacent_find search search_n
Modifying sequence operations
copycopy_if (C++11) copy_n (C++11) copy_backward move (C++11) move_backward (C++11) fill fill_n transform generate generate_n removeremove_if remove_copyremove_copy_if	replacereplace_if replace_copyreplace_copy_if swap swap_ranges iter_swap reverse reverse_copy rotate rotate_copy random_shuffleshuffle  (C++11) unique unique_copy
Partitioning operations
is_partitioned (C++11) partition partition_copy (C++11)	stable_partition partition_point (C++11)
Sorting operations (on sorted ranges)
is_sorted (C++11) is_sorted_until (C++11) sort	partial_sort partial_sort_copy stable_sort nth_element
Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
lower_bound upper_bound	binary_search equal_range
Set operations (on sorted ranges)
merge inplace_merge includes	set_difference set_intersection set_symmetric_difference set_union
Heap operations
is_heap (C++11) is_heap_until (C++11) make_heap	push_heap pop_heap sort_heap
Minimum/maximum operations
max max_element min min_element minmax (C++11) minmax_element (C++11)	lexicographical_compare is_permutation (C++11) next_permutation prev_permutation
Numeric operations
iota (C++11) accumulate inner_product	adjacent_difference partial_sum
C library
qsort	bsearch

 

Defined in header <algorithm>
template< class ForwardIt > ForwardIt unique( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last );	(1)
template< class ForwardIt, class BinaryPredicate > ForwardIt unique( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, BinaryPredicate p );	(2)

Removes all consecutive duplicate elements from the range [first, last) and returns a past-the-end iterator for the new logical end of the range. The first version uses operator== to compare the elements, the second version uses the given binary predicate p.

Removing is done by shifting the elements in the range in such a way that elements to be erased are overwritten. Relative order of the elements that remain is preserved and the physical size of the container is unchanged. Iterators pointing to an element between the new logical end and the physical end of the range are still dereferenceable, but the elements themselves have unspecified values. A call to unique is typically followed by a call to a container's erase method, which erases the unspecified values and reduces the physical size of the container to match its new logical size.

Parameters

first, last	-	the range of elements to process
p	-	binary predicate which returns ​true if the elements should be treated as equal. The signature of the predicate function should be equivalent to the following:  bool pred(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b); The signature does not need to have const &, but the function must not modify the objects passed to it. The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that an object of type ForwardIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to both of them. ​
Type requirements
- ForwardIt must meet the requirements of ForwardIterator.
- The type of dereferenced ForwardIt must meet the requirements of MoveAssignable.

Return value

Forward iterator to the new end of the range

Possible implementation

First version
template<class ForwardIt> ForwardIt unique(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last) { if (first == last) return last;   ForwardIt result = first; while (++first != last) { if (!(*result == *first)) { *(++result) = *first; } } return ++result; }
Second version
template<class ForwardIt, class BinaryPredicate> ForwardIt unique(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, BinaryPredicate p) { if (first == last) return last;   ForwardIt result = first; while (++first != last) { if (!p(*result, *first)) { *(++result) = *first; } } return ++result; }

Examples

The following code removes all consecutive equivalent elements from a vector of integers.

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
 
int main() 
{
    std::vector<int> v{1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1};
    std::vector<int>::iterator last;
 
    last = std::unique(v.begin(), v.end()); // 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 1
                                            //           ^
    for (std::vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != last; ++it) {
        std::cout << *it << " ";
    }
    std::cout << "\n";
}

Output:

1 2 3 2 1

The following code removes all duplicate elements from a vector of integers.

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
 
int main() 
{
    std::vector<int> v{1,2,3,1,2,3,3,4,5,4,5,6,7};
    std::sort(v.begin(), v.end()); 
    auto last = std::unique(v.begin(), v.end());
    v.erase(last, v.end());
    for (const auto& i : v)
      std::cout << i << " ";
    std::cout << "\n";
}

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Complexity

linear in the distance between first and last

See also

adjacent_find	finds the first two adjacent items that are equal (or satisfy a given predicate) (function template)
unique_copy	creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates (function template)
removeremove_if	removes elements satisfying specific criteria (function template)