std::exchange

 

C++

Language

Standard library headers

Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

 

Utilities library

Type support (basic types, RTTI, type traits)

Dynamic memory management

Error handling

Program utilities

Variadic functions

Date and time

Function objects

initializer_list (C++11)

bitset

hash (C++11)

Relational operators

rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator>rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>=

Pairs and tuples

pair

tuple (C++11)

piecewise_construct_t (C++11)

piecewise_construct (C++11)

Swap, forward and move

swap

forward (C++11)

move (C++11)

move_if_noexcept (C++11)

declval (C++11)

 

Defined in header <utility>
template< class T, class U = T > T exchange( T& obj, U&& new_value );		(since C++14)

Replaces the value of obj with new_value and returns the old value of obj.

Parameters

obj	-	object whose value to replace
new_value	-	the value to assign to obj
Type requirements
- T must meet the requirements of MoveAssignable. Also, it must be possible to move-assign objects of type U to objects of type T

Return value

The old value of obj

Exceptions

(none)

Possible implementation

template<class T, class U = T> T exchange(T& obj, U&& new_value) { T old_value = std::move(obj); obj = std::forward<U>(new_value); return old_value; }

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
 
class stream
{
  public:
 
   using flags_type = int;
 
  public:
 
    flags_type flags() const
    { return flags_; }
 
    ///Replaces flags_ by newf, and returns the old value.
    flags_type flags(flags_type newf)
    { return std::exchange(flags_, newf); }
 
  private:
 
    flags_type flags_ = 0;
};
 
void f() { std::cout << "f()"; }
 
int main()
{
   stream s;
 
   std::cout << s.flags() << '\n';
   std::cout << s.flags(12) << '\n';
   std::cout << s.flags() << "\n\n";
 
   std::vector<int> v;
 
   //Since the second template parameter has a default value, it is possible
   //to use a braced-init-list as second argument. The expression below
   //is equivalent to std::exchange(v, std::vector<int>{1,2,3,4});
 
   std::exchange(v, {1,2,3,4});
 
   std::copy(begin(v),end(v), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout,", "));
 
   std::cout << "\n\n";
 
   void (*fun)();
 
   //the default value of template parameter also makes possible to use a
   //normal function as second argument. The expression below is equivalent to
   //std::exchange(fun, std::static_cast<void(*)()>(f))
   std::exchange(fun,f);
   fun();
}

Output:

0
0
12
 
1, 2, 3, 4, 
 
f()

See also

swap	swaps the values of two objects (function template)
atomic_exchangeatomic_exchange_explicit (C++11)(C++11)	atomically replaces the value of the atomic object with non-atomic argument and returns the old value of the atomic (function template)