toupper

 

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Defined in header <ctype.h>
int toupper( int ch );

Converts the given character to uppercase according to the character conversion rules defined by the currently installed C locale.

In the default "C" locale, the following lowercase letters abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz are replaced with respective uppercase letters ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.

Parameters

ch

-

character to be converted. If the value of ch is not representable as unsigned char and does not equal EOF, the behavior is undefined.

Return value

Uppercase version of ch or unmodified ch if no uppercase version is listed in the current C locale.

Example

Run this code

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <limits.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    /* In the default locale: */
    unsigned char u;
    for (unsigned char l=0; l<UCHAR_MAX; l++) {
        u = toupper(l);
        if (l!=u) printf("%c%c ", l,u);
    }
    printf("\n\n");
 
    unsigned char c = '\xb8'; // the character Ž in ISO-8859-15
                              // but ´ (acute accent) in ISO-8859-1 
    unsigned char c2 = c;   // for printing
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.iso88591");
    printf("in iso8859-1, toupper('0x%x') gives 0x%x\n", c2, toupper(c));
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.iso885915");
    printf("in iso8859-15, toupper('0x%x') gives 0x%x\n", c2, toupper(c));
}

Output:

aA bB cC dD eE fF gG hH iI jJ kK lL mM nN oO pP qQ rR sS tT uU vV wW xX yY zZ 
 
in iso8859-1, toupper('0xb8') gives 0xb8
in iso8859-15, toupper('0xb8') gives 0xb4

See also

tolower	converts a character to lowercase (function)
towupper	converts a wide character to uppercase (function)
C++ documentation for toupper